Haemophilus influenzae Vulvovaginitis in Prepubertal Girls: A 4-Year Study on a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Background: Vulvovaginitis is a common infection in prepubertal girls, which partly caused by bacterial infection. According to the literature, Haemophilus influenzae one of most causes vulvovaginitis children. However, few studies with large sample sizes have delved into this issue. Objectives: To determine prevalence girls and detect antimicrobial resistance H. strains isolated from vulval specimens. Methods: The isolates swabs were received Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School Medicine, during 2016 - 2019. specimens inoculated on selective chocolate agar, susceptibility tests performed disk diffusion method. Moreover, β-lactamase was detected using Cefinase disc. Results: In study, 4142 four years, 649 had been 642 aged 6 months-13 median 5 years. peaks observed April July isolates. general, ampicillin rate 39.1% (250/640), 33.2% (211/636) β-lactamase-positive isolates, 6.6% (42/635) β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) rates amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, azithromycin, chloramphenicol 26.4%, 21.8%, 24.8%, 1.7%, 1.0%, 0.2%, 0%, 47.7%, 10.2%, 1.1%, respectively. Multi-drug (MDR) noticed 41 persons (6.4%) out prevalent MDR phenotype ampicillin-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-azithromycin resistance. Conclusions: Clinicians should that cause children, laboratories routinely cover culture media for also be considered clinical management.